CP-Ti (Grade 1-4)
CP-Ti Grades 1–4 are unalloyed, commercially pure titanium grades offering excellent corrosion resistance, exceptional biocompatibility, and high ductility. Grade 1 is the softest and most formable, while Grade 4 offers the highest strength within the CP group.
Titanium 3D printing of CP-Ti is ideal for producing dental implants, heat exchangers, and chemical handling components. Additive manufacturing enables precision, lightweight structures, and custom solutions in biomedical, marine, and industrial environments.
CP-Ti Similar Grades Table
Grade | UNS Number | Typical Use Cases |
|---|---|---|
Grade 1 | R50250 | Medical, marine, deep forming parts |
Grade 2 | R50400 | Heat exchangers, pressure vessels |
Grade 3 | R50550 | Aerospace tubes, structural frames |
Grade 4 | R50700 | Dental implants, high-strength parts |
CP-Ti Comprehensive Properties Table
Category | Property | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical Properties | Density (g/cm³) | 4.51 | 4.51 | 4.51 | 4.51 |
Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | |
Thermal Expansion (µm/m·K) | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | |
Chemical Composition (%) | Titanium (Ti) | ≥99.5 | ≥99.3 | ≥99.1 | ≥98.6 |
Oxygen (O) max | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.40 | |
Mechanical Properties | Tensile Strength (MPa) | ≥240 | ≥345 | ≥450 | ≥550 |
Yield Strength (0.2%) (MPa) | ≥170 | ≥275 | ≥380 | ≥485 | |
Elongation at Break (%) | ≥24 | ≥20 | ≥18 | ≥15 | |
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | 105 | 105 | 105 | 105 |
3D Printing Technology of CP-Ti
CP-Ti Grades 1–4 are compatible with Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), enabling precise production of corrosion-resistant and biocompatible parts.
Applicable Process Table
Technology | Precision | Surface Quality | Mechanical Properties | Application Suitability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
SLM | ±0.05–0.2 mm | Excellent | Excellent | Medical Implants, Fluid Systems |
DMLS | ±0.05–0.2 mm | Very Good | Excellent | Heat Exchangers, Custom Fixtures |
EBM | ±0.1–0.3 mm | Good | Very Good | Industrial Tubes, Marine Parts |
CP-Ti 3D Printing Process Selection Principles
SLM is ideal for medical-grade components and fluidic parts requiring corrosion resistance, tight tolerances (±0.05–0.2 mm), and fine resolution.
DMLS supports geometrically complex CP-Ti components such as pressure vessels, precision housings, and heat transfer systems.
EBM is preferred for larger, structural applications with moderate tolerances (±0.1–0.3 mm) and excellent corrosion resistance.
CP-Ti 3D Printing Key Challenges and Solutions
Residual stresses and deformation are common challenges. Support structures and post-print Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) at 900–940°C and 100–150 MPa improve ductility and fatigue resistance, especially in medical parts.
To ensure mechanical reliability, porosity must be reduced through optimized process parameters (laser power 200–350 W, scan speed 600–900 mm/s) and HIP, yielding densities >99.9%.
CP-Ti surface roughness (Ra 8–15 µm) may affect biocompatibility or flow in fluid systems. CNC machining or electropolishing achieves Ra 0.4–1.0 µm, especially for implantable components.
Powder integrity is sensitive to oxygen. Maintaining O₂ < 200 ppm and humidity < 5% RH is essential to preserve Grade 1–4 specifications.
Industry Application Scenarios and Cases
CP-Ti (Grade 1–4) is used in:
Medical: Dental abutments, surgical tools, orthopedic devices (especially Grades 2 & 4).
Chemical Processing: Heat exchangers, pumps, tanks exposed to acidic or chloride-rich media.
Marine: Corrosion-resistant pipes, fasteners, and flow-control devices.
In one medical device application, SLM-produced CP-Ti Grade 4 dental screws delivered 30% better osseointegration and 20% higher corrosion resistance than machined parts, with full ISO 5832-2 compliance.
FAQs
What is the difference between CP-Ti Grades 1 to 4 in terms of strength and corrosion resistance?
Which CP-Ti grade is most suitable for medical implant 3D printing?
How does 3D printing affect the ductility and fatigue life of CP-Ti components?
What surface treatments are recommended for 3D printed CP-Ti parts?
How does CP-Ti compare to Ti-6Al-4V for additive manufacturing applications?
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